正文
13.1 进程管理
13.1.1 进程查看
1、进程简介
进程是正在执行的一个程序或命令，每一个进程都是一个运行的实体，都有自己的地址空间，并占用一定的系统资源。
2、进程管理的作用
- 判断服务器健康状态
- 查看系统中所有进程
- 杀死进程
3、查看系统中所有进程
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux
#查看系统中所有进程，使用BSD操作系统格式
[root@localhost ~]# ps -le
#查看系统中所有进程，使用Linux标准命令格式。
USER：该进程是由哪个用户产生的；
PID：进程的ID号；
%CPU：该进程占用CPU资源的百分比，占用越高，进程越耗费资源；
%MEM：该进程占用物理内存的百分比，占用越高，进程越耗费资源；
VSZ：该进程占用虚拟内存的大小，单位KB；
RSS：该进程占用实际物理内存的大小，单位KB；
TTY：该进程是在哪个终端中运行的。其中tty1-tty7代表本地控制台终端，tty1-tty6是本地的字符界面终端，tty7是图形终端。pts/0-255代表虚拟终端。
STAT：进程状态。常见的状态有：R：运行、S：睡眠、T：停止状态、s：包含子进程、+：位于后台
START：该进程的启动时间
TIME：该进程占用CPU的运算时间，注意不是系统时间
COMMAND：产生此进程的命令名
[root@localhost vagrant]# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.1 0.0 19232 1488 ? Ss 07:44 0:00 /sbin/init
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [migration/0]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [stopper/0]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [watchdog/0]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [migration/1]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [stopper/1]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [watchdog/1]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events/0]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events/1]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events/0]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events/1]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events_long/0]
root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events_long/1]
root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events_power_ef]
root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [events_power_ef]
root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [cgroup]
root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [khelper]
root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [netns]
root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [async/mgr]
root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [pm]
root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [sync_supers]
root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [bdi-default]
root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kintegrityd/0]
root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kintegrityd/1]
root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kblockd/0]
root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kblockd/1]
root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kacpid]
root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kacpi_notify]
root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kacpi_hotplug]
root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ata_aux]
root 34 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ata_sff/0]
root 35 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ata_sff/1]
root 36 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ksuspend_usbd]
root 37 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [khubd]
root 38 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kseriod]
root 39 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [md/0]
root 40 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [md/1]
root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [md_misc/0]
root 42 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [md_misc/1]
root 43 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [linkwatch]
root 44 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [khungtaskd]
root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kswapd0]
root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 07:44 0:00 [ksmd]
root 47 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 07:44 0:00 [khugepaged]
root 48 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [aio/0]
root 49 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [aio/1]
root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [crypto/0]
root 51 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [crypto/1]
root 58 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kthrotld/0]
root 59 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kthrotld/1]
root 61 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kpsmoused]
root 62 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [usbhid_resumer]
root 63 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [deferwq]
root 96 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kdmremove]
root 97 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kstriped]
root 206 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root 225 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root 226 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root 289 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kdmflush]
root 291 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kdmflush]
root 309 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [jbd2/dm-0-8]
root 310 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ext4-dio-unwrit]
root 391 0.0 0.0 10796 904 ? S<s 07:44 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 452 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [iprt/0]
root 453 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [iprt/1]
root 700 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [jbd2/sda1-8]
root 701 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [ext4-dio-unwrit]
root 733 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [kauditd]
root 809 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:44 0:00 [flush-253:0]
root 966 0.0 0.0 9120 688 ? Ss 07:45 0:00 /sbin/dhclient -1 -q -cf /etc/dhcp/dhclient-eth0.conf -lf /var/lib/dhclient/dhclient-eth0.leases -pf /var/run/dhclient-eth0.
root 1026 0.0 0.0 27596 796 ? S<sl 07:45 0:00 auditd
root 1048 0.0 0.0 249088 1584 ? Sl 07:45 0:00 /sbin/rsyslogd -i /var/run/syslogd.pid -c 5
root 1160 0.0 0.0 335484 1272 ? Sl 07:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/VBoxService
root 1184 0.0 0.0 66232 1232 ? Ss 07:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root 1217 0.0 0.0 108300 1616 ? S 07:45 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.p
mysql 1421 0.5 24.0 1408836 462640 ? Sl 07:45 0:02 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/
root 1559 0.0 0.1 80876 3420 ? Ss 07:45 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master
postfix 1574 0.0 0.1 80956 3384 ? S 07:45 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u
postfix 1575 0.0 0.1 81024 3420 ? S 07:45 0:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
root 1595 0.0 0.0 47360 1080 ? Ss 07:45 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 1596 0.0 0.0 47752 1804 ? S 07:45 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 1608 0.0 0.0 116860 1200 ? Ss 07:45 0:00 crond
root 1621 0.0 0.0 4064 592 tty1 Ss+ 07:45 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty1
root 1623 0.0 0.0 4064 592 tty2 Ss+ 07:45 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty2
root 1625 0.0 0.0 4064 588 tty3 Ss+ 07:45 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty3
root 1627 0.0 0.0 4064 592 tty4 Ss+ 07:45 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty4
root 1629 0.0 0.0 4064 592 tty5 Ss+ 07:45 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty5
root 1631 0.0 0.0 4064 588 tty6 Ss+ 07:45 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty6
root 2451 0.0 0.2 102656 4804 ? Ss 07:45 0:00 sshd: vagrant [priv]
vagrant 2453 0.0 0.1 102656 1928 ? S 07:45 0:00 sshd: vagrant@pts/0
vagrant 2454 0.0 0.0 108304 1908 pts/0 Ss 07:45 0:00 -bash
root 2474 0.0 0.1 175108 2656 pts/0 S 07:47 0:00 sudo su
root 2475 0.0 0.0 145000 1556 pts/0 S 07:47 0:00 su
root 2476 0.0 0.0 108304 1916 pts/0 S 07:47 0:00 bash
root 2494 0.0 0.0 4932 524 ? Ss 07:47 0:00 iscsid 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
root 2495 0.0 0.1 5436 3384 ? S<Ls 07:47 0:00 iscsid 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
root 2502 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 07:47 0:00 [iscsi_eh]
root 2504 0.0 0.0 10792 832 ? S< 07:47 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 2505 0.0 0.0 10792 832 ? S< 07:47 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 2531 0.0 0.0 110232 1164 pts/0 R+ 07:51 0:00 ps aux
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]# ps -le
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
4 S 0 1 0 0 80 0 - 4808 poll_s ? 00:00:00 init
1 S 0 2 0 0 80 0 - 0 kthrea ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
1 S 0 3 2 0 -40 - - 0 migrat ? 00:00:00 migration/0
1 S 0 4 2 0 80 0 - 0 ksofti ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
1 S 0 5 2 0 -40 - - 0 cpu_st ? 00:00:00 stopper/0
5 S 0 6 2 0 -40 - - 0 watchd ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0
1 S 0 7 2 0 -40 - - 0 migrat ? 00:00:00 migration/1
1 S 0 8 2 0 -40 - - 0 cpu_st ? 00:00:00 stopper/1
1 S 0 9 2 0 80 0 - 0 ksofti ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/1
5 S 0 10 2 0 -40 - - 0 watchd ? 00:00:00 watchdog/1
1 S 0 11 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events/0
1 R 0 12 2 0 80 0 - 0 - ? 00:00:02 events/1
1 S 0 13 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events/0
1 S 0 14 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events/1
1 S 0 15 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events_long/0
1 S 0 16 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events_long/1
1 S 0 17 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events_power_e
1 S 0 18 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events_power_e
1 S 0 19 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 cgroup
1 S 0 20 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 khelper
1 S 0 21 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 netns
1 S 0 22 2 0 80 0 - 0 async_ ? 00:00:00 async/mgr
1 S 0 23 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 pm
1 S 0 24 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_sy ? 00:00:00 sync_supers
1 S 0 25 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_fo ? 00:00:00 bdi-default
1 S 0 26 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
1 S 0 27 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kintegrityd/1
1 S 0 28 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kblockd/0
1 S 0 29 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kblockd/1
1 S 0 30 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kacpid
1 S 0 31 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kacpi_notify
1 S 0 32 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug
1 S 0 33 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ata_aux
1 S 0 34 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ata_sff/0
1 S 0 35 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ata_sff/1
1 S 0 36 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ksuspend_usbd
1 S 0 37 2 0 80 0 - 0 hub_th ? 00:00:00 khubd
5 S 0 38 2 0 80 0 - 0 serio_ ? 00:00:00 kseriod
1 S 0 39 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 md/0
1 S 0 40 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 md/1
1 S 0 41 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 md_misc/0
1 S 0 42 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 md_misc/1
1 S 0 43 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 linkwatch
1 S 0 44 2 0 80 0 - 0 watchd ? 00:00:00 khungtaskd
1 S 0 45 2 0 80 0 - 0 kswapd ? 00:00:00 kswapd0
1 S 0 46 2 0 85 5 - 0 ksm_sc ? 00:00:00 ksmd
1 S 0 47 2 0 99 19 - 0 khugep ? 00:00:00 khugepaged
1 S 0 48 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 aio/0
1 S 0 49 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 aio/1
1 S 0 50 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 crypto/0
1 S 0 51 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 crypto/1
1 S 0 58 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kthrotld/0
1 S 0 59 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kthrotld/1
1 S 0 61 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kpsmoused
1 S 0 62 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 usbhid_resumer
1 S 0 63 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 deferwq
1 S 0 96 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kdmremove
1 S 0 97 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kstriped
1 S 0 206 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_0
1 S 0 225 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_1
1 S 0 226 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_2
1 S 0 289 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kdmflush
1 S 0 291 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kdmflush
1 S 0 309 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn ? 00:00:00 jbd2/dm-0-8
1 S 0 310 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwri
5 S 0 391 1 0 76 -4 - 2699 poll_s ? 00:00:00 udevd
1 S 0 452 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 iprt/0
1 S 0 453 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 iprt/1
1 S 0 700 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn ? 00:00:00 jbd2/sda1-8
1 S 0 701 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwri
1 S 0 733 2 0 80 0 - 0 kaudit ? 00:00:00 kauditd
1 S 0 809 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_wr ? 00:00:00 flush-253:0
1 S 0 966 1 0 80 0 - 2280 poll_s ? 00:00:00 dhclient
5 S 0 1026 1 0 76 -4 - 6899 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 auditd
5 S 0 1048 1 0 80 0 - 62272 poll_s ? 00:00:00 rsyslogd
1 S 0 1160 1 0 80 0 - 83871 rt_sig ? 00:00:02 VBoxService
5 S 0 1184 1 0 80 0 - 16558 poll_s ? 00:00:00 sshd
4 S 0 1217 1 0 80 0 - 27075 wait ? 00:00:00 mysqld_safe
4 S 27 1421 1217 0 80 0 - 352209 poll_s ? 00:00:09 mysqld
4 S 0 1559 1 0 80 0 - 20219 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 master
4 S 89 1575 1559 0 80 0 - 20282 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 qmgr
1 S 0 1608 1 0 80 0 - 29215 hrtime ? 00:00:00 crond
4 S 0 1621 1 0 80 0 - 1016 n_tty_ tty1 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1623 1 0 80 0 - 1016 n_tty_ tty2 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1625 1 0 80 0 - 1016 n_tty_ tty3 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1627 1 0 80 0 - 1016 n_tty_ tty4 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1629 1 0 80 0 - 1016 n_tty_ tty5 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1631 1 0 80 0 - 1016 n_tty_ tty6 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 2451 1184 0 80 0 - 25664 unix_s ? 00:00:00 sshd
5 R 500 2453 2451 0 80 0 - 25664 - ? 00:00:00 sshd
0 S 500 2454 2453 0 80 0 - 27076 wait pts/0 00:00:00 bash
4 S 0 2474 2454 0 80 0 - 43777 poll_s pts/0 00:00:00 sudo
4 S 0 2475 2474 0 80 0 - 36250 wait pts/0 00:00:00 su
4 S 0 2476 2475 0 80 0 - 27076 wait pts/0 00:00:00 bash
1 S 0 2494 1 0 80 0 - 1233 hrtime ? 00:00:00 iscsid
5 S 0 2495 1 0 70 -10 - 1359 poll_s ? 00:00:02 iscsid
1 S 0 2502 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 iscsi_eh
5 S 0 2504 391 0 78 -2 - 2698 poll_s ? 00:00:00 udevd
5 S 0 2505 391 0 78 -2 - 2698 poll_s ? 00:00:00 udevd
1 S 0 2559 1 0 80 0 - 12017 rt_sig ? 00:00:00 nginx
5 S 497 2560 2559 0 80 0 - 12134 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 nginx
1 S 0 2573 1 0 80 0 - 4763 rt_sig ? 00:00:00 anacron
4 S 89 2900 1559 0 80 0 - 20239 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 pickup
4 R 0 2912 2476 0 80 0 - 27033 - pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@localhost vagrant]#
4、查看系统健康状态
[root@localhost ~]# top [选项]
选项：
-d 秒数： 指定top命令每隔几秒更新。默认是3秒
在top命令的交互模式当中可以执行的命令：
？或h： 显示交互模式的帮助
P： 以CPU使用率排序，默认就是此项
M： 以内存的使用率排序
N： 以PID排序
q： 退出top
第一行信息为任务队列信息
内容 说明
12:26:46 系统当前时间
up 1 day, 13:32 系统的运行时间，本机已经运行1天13小时32分钟
2 users 当前登录了两个用户
load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 系统在之前1分钟，5分钟，15分钟的平均负载。一般认为小于1时，负载较小。如果大于1，系统已经超出负荷。
第二行为进程信息
内容 说明
Tasks: 95 total 系统中的进程总数
1 running 正在运行的进程数
94 sleeping 睡眠的进程
0 stopped 正在停止的进程
0 zombie 僵尸进程。如果不是0，需要手工检查僵尸进程
第三行为CPU信息
内容 说明
Cpu(s): 0.1%us 用户模式占用的CPU百分比
0.1%sy 系统模式占用的CPU百分比
0.0%ni 改变过优先级的用户进程占用的CPU百分比
99.7%id 空闲CPU的CPU百分比
0.1%wa 等待输入/输出的进程的占用CPU百分比
0.0%hi 硬中断请求服务占用的CPU百分比
0.1%si 软中断请求服务占用的CPU百分比
0.0%st st（Steal time）虚拟时间百分比。就是当有虚拟机时，虚拟CPU等待实际CPU的时间百分比。
第四行为物理内存信息
内容 说明
Mem: 625344k total 物理内存的总量，单位KB
571504k used 已经使用的物理内存数量
53840k free 空闲的物理内存数量，我们使用的是虚拟机，总共只分配了628MB内存，所以只有53MB的空闲内存了
65800k buffers 作为缓冲的内存数量
第五行为交换分区（swap）信息
内容 说明
Swap: 524280k total 交换分区（虚拟内存）的总大小
0k used 已经使用的交互分区的大小
524280k free 空闲交换分区的大小
409280k cached 作为缓存的交互分区的大小
top - 09:44:15 up 1:38, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 103 total, 1 running, 102 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1922148k total, 622284k used, 1299864k free, 10600k buffers
Swap: 1023996k total, 0k used, 1023996k free, 84288k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2495 root 10 -10 5436 3384 2220 S 0.3 0.2 0:03.83 iscsid
1 root 20 0 19232 1488 1216 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.67 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.54 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 watchdog/0
7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 migration/1
8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/1
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.51 ksoftirqd/1
10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 watchdog/1
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.74 events/0
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.05 events/1
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/1
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/1
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 sync_supers
25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 bdi-default
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/1
28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.23 kblockd/0
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/1
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
31 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
34 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_sff/0
35 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_sff/1
36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd
37 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
38 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
39 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0
40 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/1
41 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0
42 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/1
5、查看进程树
[root@localhost ~]# pstree [选项]
选项：
-p： 显示进程的PID
-u： 显示进程的所属用户
[root@localhost vagrant]# pstree
init─┬─VBoxService───7*[{VBoxService}]
├─auditd───{auditd}
├─crond
├─dhclient
├─2*[iscsid]
├─master─┬─pickup
│ └─qmgr
├─6*[mingetty]
├─mysqld_safe───mysqld───21*[{mysqld}]
├─nginx───nginx
├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───sudo───su───bash───pstree
└─udevd───2*[udevd]
[root@localhost vagrant]#
13.1.2 进程管理
1、kill命令
[root@localhost ~]# kill –l
#查看可用的进程信号
[root@localhost vagrant]# kill -l
1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP
6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1
11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM
16) SIGSTKFLT 17) SIGCHLD 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ
26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO 30) SIGPWR
31) SIGSYS 34) SIGRTMIN 35) SIGRTMIN+1 36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3
38) SIGRTMIN+4 39) SIGRTMIN+5 40) SIGRTMIN+6 41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8
43) SIGRTMIN+9 44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13
48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12
53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9 56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7
58) SIGRTMAX-6 59) SIGRTMAX-5 60) SIGRTMAX-4 61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2
63) SIGRTMAX-1 64) SIGRTMAX
[root@localhost vagrant]#
信号代号 信号名称 说明
1 SIGHUP 该信号让进程立即关闭，然后重新读取配置文件之后重启。
2 SIGINT 程序终止信号，用于终止前台进程。相当于输出ctrl+c快捷键。
8 SIGFPE 在发生致命的算术运算错误时发出. 不仅包括浮点运算错误, 还包括溢出及除数为0等其它所有的算术的错误。
9 SIGKILL 用来立即结束程序的运行. 本信号不能被阻塞、处理和忽略。一般用于强制终止进程。
14 SIGALRM 时钟定时信号, 计算的是实际的时间或时钟时间. alarm函数使用该信号。
15 SIGTERM 正常结束进程的信号，kill命令的默认信号。有时如果进程已经发生问题，这个信号是无法正常终止进程的，我们才会尝试SIGKILL信号，也就是信号9。
18 SIGCONT 该信号可以让暂停的进程恢复执行，本信号不能被阻断。
19 SIGSTOP 该信号可以暂停前台进程，相当于输入ctrl+z快捷键。本信号不能被阻断。
[root@localhost ~]# kill -1 22354
#重启进程
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 22368
#强制杀死进程
2、killall命令
[root@localhost ~]# killall [选项][信号] 进程名
#按照进程名杀死进程
选项：
-i： 交互式，询问是否要杀死某个进程
-I： 忽略进程名的大小写
3、pkill命令
[root@localhost ~]# pkill [选项] [信号] 进程名
#按照进程名终止进程
选项：
-t 终端号： 按照终端号踢出用户
按照终端号踢出用户
[root@localhost ~]# w
#使用w命令查询本机已经登录的用户
[root@localhost ~]# pkill -t -9 pts/1
#强制杀死从pts/1虚拟终端登录的进程
[root@localhost vagrant]# w
09:58:52 up 1:53, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
vagrant pts/0 10.0.2.2 07:45 0.00s 0.30s 0.12s sshd: vagrant [priv]
[root@localhost vagrant]#
13.2 工作管理
1、把进程放入后台
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zcf etc.tar.gz /etc &
# 进程处于运行状态
[root@localhost ~]# top
#在top命令执行的过程中，按下ctrl+z快捷键，进程处于暂停状态
2、查看后台的工作
[root@localhost ~]# jobs [-l]
选项：
-l： 显示工作的PID
注：“+”号代表最近一个放入后台的工作，也是工作恢复时，默认恢复的工作。“-”号代表倒数第二个放入后台的工作
3、将后台暂停的工作恢复到前台执行
[root@localhost ~]# fg %工作号
参数：
%工作号： %号可以省略，但是注意工作号 和PID的区别
4、把后台暂停的工作恢复到后台执行
[root@localhost ~]# bg %工作号
注：后台恢复执行的命令，是不能和前台有交互的，否则不能恢复到后台执行
13.3 系统资源查看
1、vmstat命令监控系统资源
[root@localhost ~]# vmstat [刷新延时 刷新次数]
例如：
[root@localhost ~]# vmstat 1 3 //表示查看系统资源3次，每次间隔一秒钟
[root@localhost vagrant]# vmstat 1 3
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 0 1299252 10928 84348 0 0 6 0 15 31 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 1299236 10928 84348 0 0 0 8 37 65 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 1299236 10928 84348 0 0 0 0 32 63 0 0 100 0 0
[root@localhost vagrant]#
2、dmesg开机时内核检测信息
[root@localhost ~]# dmesg
[root@localhost ~]# dmesg | grep CPU
[root@localhost vagrant]# dmesg
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Linux version 2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Sep 22 22:00:00 UTC 2015
Command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
KERNEL supported cpus:
Intel GenuineIntel
AMD AuthenticAMD
Centaur CentaurHauls
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000007fff0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000007fff0000 - 0000000080000000 (ACPI data)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fffc0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
DMI 2.5 present.
SMBIOS version 2.5 @ 0xFFF60
DMI: innotek GmbH VirtualBox/VirtualBox, BIOS VirtualBox 12/01/2006
e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000001000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
e820 remove range: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000 (usable)
No AGP bridge found
last_pfn = 0x7fff0 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
x86 PAT enabled: cpu 0, old 0x7040600070406, new 0x7010600070106
CPU MTRRs all blank - virtualized system.
initial memory mapped : 0 - 20000000
init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-000000007fff0000
0000000000 - 007fe00000 page 2M
007fe00000 - 007fff0000 page 4k
kernel direct mapping tables up to 7fff0000 @ 8000-c000
RAMDISK: 36c03000 - 37fefdf4
ACPI: Deleted _OSI()
ACPI: Deleted _OSI()
ACPI: RSDP 00000000000e0000 00024 (v02 VBOX )
ACPI: XSDT 000000007fff0030 0003C (v01 VBOX VBOXXSDT 00000001 ASL 00000061)
ACPI: FACP 000000007fff00f0 000F4 (v04 VBOX VBOXFACP 00000001 ASL 00000061)
ACPI: DSDT 000000007fff0470 01B96 (v01 VBOX VBOXBIOS 00000002 INTL 20100528)
ACPI: FACS 000000007fff0200 00040
ACPI: APIC 000000007fff0240 0005C (v02 VBOX VBOXAPIC 00000001 ASL 00000061)
ACPI: SSDT 000000007fff02a0 001CC (v01 VBOX VBOXCPUT 00000002 INTL 20100528)
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
Setting APIC routing to flat.
No NUMA configuration found
Faking a node at 0000000000000000-000000007fff0000
Bootmem setup node 0 0000000000000000-000000007fff0000
NODE_DATA [000000000000a000 - 000000000003dfff]
bootmap [000000000003e000 - 000000000004dfff] pages 10
(7 early reservations) ==> bootmem [0000000000 - 007fff0000]
#0 [0000000000 - 0000001000] BIOS data page ==> [0000000000 - 0000001000]
#1 [0000006000 - 0000008000] TRAMPOLINE ==> [0000006000 - 0000008000]
#2 [0001000000 - 000203cb64] TEXT DATA BSS ==> [0001000000 - 000203cb64]
#3 [0036c03000 - 0037fefdf4] RAMDISK ==> [0036c03000 - 0037fefdf4]
#4 [000009f800 - 0000100000] BIOS reserved ==> [000009f800 - 0000100000]
#5 [000203d000 - 000203d13c] BRK ==> [000203d000 - 000203d13c]
#6 [0000008000 - 000000a000] PGTABLE ==> [0000008000 - 000000a000]
found SMP MP-table at [ffff88000009fff0] 9fff0
Reserving 129MB of memory at 48MB for crashkernel (System RAM: 2047MB)
[ffffea0000000000-ffffea00009fffff] PMD -> [ffff880002600000-ffff880002ffffff] on node 0
[ffffea0000a00000-ffffea0001bfffff] PMD -> [ffff88000b200000-ffff88000c3fffff] on node 0
Zone PFN ranges:
DMA 0x00000001 -> 0x00001000
DMA32 0x00001000 -> 0x00100000
Normal 0x00100000 -> 0x00100000
Movable zone start PFN for each node
early_node_map[2] active PFN ranges
0: 0x00000001 -> 0x0000009f
0: 0x00000100 -> 0x0007fff0
On node 0 totalpages: 524174
DMA zone: 56 pages used for memmap
DMA zone: 101 pages reserved
DMA zone: 3841 pages, LIFO batch:0
DMA32 zone: 7112 pages used for memmap
DMA32 zone: 513064 pages, LIFO batch:31
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x4008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
Setting APIC routing to flat.
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)
ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x02] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 2, version 17, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
ACPI: IRQ0 used by override.
ACPI: IRQ2 used by override.
ACPI: IRQ9 used by override.
Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
SMP: Allowing 2 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
nr_irqs_gsi: 24
PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000000009f000 - 00000000000a0000
PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000a0000 - 00000000000f0000
PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000
Allocating PCI resources starting at 80000000 (gap: 80000000:7ffc0000)
Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware
NR_CPUS:4096 nr_cpumask_bits:2 nr_cpu_ids:2 nr_node_ids:1
PERCPU: Embedded 30 pages/cpu @ffff880002200000 s91224 r8192 d23464 u1048576
pcpu-alloc: s91224 r8192 d23464 u1048576 alloc=1*2097152
pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 1
Built 1 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 516905
Policy zone: DMA32
Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=129M@0M rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Checking aperture...
No AGP bridge found
Memory: 1898148k/2097088k available (5395k kernel code, 392k absent, 198548k reserved, 7013k data, 1296k init)
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
NR_IRQS:33024 nr_irqs:424
Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
console [tty0] enabled
allocated 8388608 bytes of page_cgroup
please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups
Fast TSC calibration failed
TSC: PIT calibration matches PMTIMER. 2 loops
Detected 2274.917 MHz processor.
Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 4549.83 BogoMIPS (lpj=2274917)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Security Framework initialized
SELinux: Initializing.
SELinux: Starting in permissive mode
Dentry cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 256
Initializing cgroup subsys ns
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
Initializing cgroup subsys memory
Initializing cgroup subsys devices
Initializing cgroup subsys freezer
Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls
Initializing cgroup subsys blkio
Initializing cgroup subsys perf_event
Initializing cgroup subsys net_prio
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 0
mce: CPU supports 0 MCE banks
ACPI: Core revision 20090903
ftrace: converting mcount calls to 0f 1f 44 00 00
ftrace: allocating 22128 entries in 87 pages
APIC routing finalized to flat.
..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1
CPU0: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz stepping 03
Performance Events: unsupported p6 CPU model 94 no PMU driver, software events only.
NMI watchdog disabled (cpu0): hardware events not enabled
Booting Node 0, Processors #1 Ok.
mce: CPU supports 0 MCE banks
TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#1]:
Measured 5639 cycles TSC warp between CPUs, turning off TSC clock.
Marking TSC unstable due to check_tsc_sync_source failed
Brought up 2 CPUs
Total of 2 processors activated (9099.66 BogoMIPS).
sizeof(vma)=200 bytes
sizeof(page)=56 bytes
sizeof(inode)=592 bytes
sizeof(dentry)=192 bytes
sizeof(ext3inode)=800 bytes
sizeof(buffer_head)=104 bytes
sizeof(skbuff)=232 bytes
sizeof(task_struct)=2672 bytes
devtmpfs: initialized
regulator: core version 0.5
NET: Registered protocol family 16
ACPI: bus type pci registered
PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base access
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
ACPI: EC: Look up EC in DSDT
ACPI: Executed 1 blocks of module-level executable AML code
ACPI: Interpreter enabled
ACPI: (supports S0 S5)
ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
ACPI: No dock devices found.
PCI: Ignoring host bridge windows from ACPI; if necessary, use "pci=use_crs" and report a bug
ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (domain 0000 [bus 00-ff])
pci_root PNP0A03:00: host bridge window [io 0x0000-0x0cf7] (ignored)
pci_root PNP0A03:00: host bridge window [io 0x0d00-0xffff] (ignored)
pci_root PNP0A03:00: host bridge window [mem 0x000a0000-0x000bffff] (ignored)
pci_root PNP0A03:00: host bridge window [mem 0x80000000-0xffdfffff] (ignored)
PCI: root bus 00: using default resources
PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0xffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffffff]
pci 0000:00:01.1: reg 20: [io 0xd000-0xd00f]
pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 10: [mem 0xe0000000-0xe07fffff pref]
pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 10: [mem 0xf0000000-0xf001ffff]
pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 18: [io 0xd010-0xd017]
pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 10: [io 0xd020-0xd03f]
pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 14: [mem 0xf0400000-0xf07fffff]
pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 18: [mem 0xf0800000-0xf0803fff pref]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: reg 10: [io 0xd040-0xd047]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: reg 18: [io 0xd050-0xd057]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: reg 20: [io 0xd060-0xd06f]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: reg 24: [mem 0xf0804000-0xf0805fff]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 9 10 *11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 9 10 *11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 9 *10 11)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 *9 10 11)
vgaarb: device added: PCI:0000:00:02.0,decodes=io+mem,owns=io+mem,locks=none
vgaarb: loaded
vgaarb: bridge control possible 0000:00:02.0
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 3.00 loaded.
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
PCI: old code would have set cacheline size to 32 bytes, but clflush_size = 64
PCI: pci_cache_line_size set to 64 bytes
NetLabel: Initializing
NetLabel: domain hash size = 128
NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4
NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default
Switching to clocksource jiffies
pnp: PnP ACPI init
ACPI: bus type pnp registered
pnp 00:00: [io 0x0cf8-0x0cff]
pnp 00:00: Plug and Play ACPI device, IDs PNP0a03 (active)
pnp 00:01: [io 0x0060]
pnp 00:01: [io 0x0064]
pnp 00:01: [irq 1]
pnp 00:01: Plug and Play ACPI device, IDs PNP0303 (active)
pnp 00:02: [io 0x0000-0x000f]
pnp 00:02: [io 0x0080-0x008f]
pnp 00:02: [io 0x00c0-0x00df]
pnp 00:02: [dma 4]
pnp 00:02: Plug and Play ACPI device, IDs PNP0200 (active)
pnp 00:03: [irq 12]
pnp 00:03: Plug and Play ACPI device, IDs PNP0f03 (active)
pnp 00:04: [io 0x0378-0x037f]
pnp 00:04: [io 0x0778-0x077f]
pnp 00:04: [irq 7]
pnp 00:04: Plug and Play ACPI device, IDs PNP0400 (active)
pnp: PnP ACPI: found 5 devices
ACPI: ACPI bus type pnp unregistered
Switching to clocksource acpi_pm
pci_bus 0000:00: resource 4 [io 0x0000-0xffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: resource 5 [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffffff]
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 262144 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 262144 bind 65536)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
pci 0000:00:00.0: Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers
pci 0000:00:01.0: Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds
pci 0000:00:02.0: Boot video device
Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
Freeing initrd memory: 20403k freed
platform rtc_cmos: registered platform RTC device (no PNP device found)
futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)
type=2000 audit(1621147490.596:1): initialized
HugeTLB registered 2 MB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2
Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
msgmni has been set to 3747
SELinux: Registering netfilter hooks
ksign: Installing public key data
Loading keyring
- Added public key 4C9849B5454FBC41
- User ID: CentOS (Kernel Module GPG key)
Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 251)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
pciehp: PCI Express Hot Plug Controller Driver version: 0.4
acpiphp: ACPI Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.5
ACPI: AC Adapter [AC] (on-line)
input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input0
ACPI: Power Button [PWRF]
input: Sleep Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSLPBN:00/input/input1
ACPI: Sleep Button [SLPF]
ACPI: acpi_idle registered with cpuidle
[Firmware Bug]: No valid trip found
GHES: HEST is not enabled!
Non-volatile memory driver v1.3
Linux agpgart interface v0.103
ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT0] (battery present)
crash memory driver: version 1.1
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
input: Macintosh mouse button emulation as /devices/virtual/input/input2
Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:PS2K,PNP0f03:PS2M] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12
serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0
rtc0: alarms up to one day, 114 bytes nvram
cpuidle: using governor ladder
cpuidle: using governor menu
EFI Variables Facility v0.08 2004-May-17
input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input3
usbcore: registered new interface driver hiddev
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver
GRE over IPv4 demultiplexor driver
TCP cubic registered
Initializing XFRM netlink socket
NET: Registered protocol family 17
registered taskstats version 1
rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: setting system clock to 2021-05-16 06:44:50 UTC (1621147490)
Initalizing network drop monitor service
Freeing unused kernel memory: 1296k freed
Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 10240k
Freeing unused kernel memory: 728k freed
Freeing unused kernel memory: 1572k freed
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input4
dracut: dracut-004-388.el6
dracut: rd_NO_LUKS: removing cryptoluks activation
device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3
device-mapper: ioctl: 4.29.0-ioctl (2014-10-28) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com
udev: starting version 147
dracut: Starting plymouth daemon
dracut: rd_NO_MD: removing MD RAID activation
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: version 3.0
alloc irq_desc for 21 on node -1
alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 21
ahci: SSS flag set, parallel bus scan disabled
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: AHCI 0001.0100 32 slots 1 ports 3 Gbps 0x1 impl SATA mode
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: flags: 64bit ncq stag only ccc
ahci 0000:00:0d.0: setting latency timer to 64
scsi0 : ahci
ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m8192@0xf0804000 port 0xf0804100 irq 21
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: ATA-6: VBOX HARDDISK, 1.0, max UDMA/133
ata1.00: 20480000 sectors, multi 128: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA VBOX HARDDISK 1.0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
ata_piix 0000:00:01.1: version 2.13
ata_piix 0000:00:01.1: setting latency timer to 64
scsi1 : ata_piix
scsi2 : ata_piix
ata2: PATA max UDMA/33 cmd 0x1f0 ctl 0x3f6 bmdma 0xd000 irq 14
ata3: PATA max UDMA/33 cmd 0x170 ctl 0x376 bmdma 0xd008 irq 15
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 20480000 512-byte logical blocks: (10.4 GB/9.76 GiB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sda: sda1 sda2
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
dracut: Scanning devices sda2 for LVM logical volumes VolGroup/lv_swap VolGroup/lv_root
dracut: inactive '/dev/VolGroup/lv_root' [8.30 GiB] inherit
dracut: inactive '/dev/VolGroup/lv_swap' [1000.00 MiB] inherit
EXT4-fs (dm-0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts:
dracut: Mounted root filesystem /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
SELinux: Disabled at runtime.
SELinux: Unregistering netfilter hooks
type=1404 audit(1621147492.154:2): selinux=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295
dracut:
dracut: Switching root
udev: starting version 147
e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.21-k8-NAPI
e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
alloc irq_desc for 19 on node -1
alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
e1000 0000:00:03.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 19
e1000 0000:00:03.0: setting latency timer to 64
e1000 0000:00:03.0: eth0: (PCI:33MHz:32-bit) 08:00:27:20:20:f4
e1000 0000:00:03.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
alloc irq_desc for 20 on node -1
alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
vboxguest 0000:00:04.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 20 (level, low) -> IRQ 20
input: Unspecified device as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/input/input5
vboxguest: misc device minor 57, IRQ 20, I/O port d020, MMIO at 00000000f0400000 (size 0x400000)
vboxguest: Successfully loaded version 4.3.30 (interface 0x00010004)
piix4_smbus 0000:00:07.0: SMBus base address uninitialized - upgrade BIOS or use force_addr=0xaddr
sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
parport_pc 00:04: reported by Plug and Play ACPI
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts:
Adding 1023996k swap on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:1023996k
NET: Registered protocol family 10
lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions
e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX
type=1305 audit(1621143900.408:3): audit_pid=1026 old=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 res=1
vboxsf: Successfully loaded version 4.3.30 (interface 0x00010004)
VBoxService 4.3.30 r101610 (verbosity: 0) linux.amd64 (Jul 10 2015 13:11:37) release log
00:00:00.000104 main Log opened 2021-05-16T05:45:01.031819000Z
00:00:00.000219 main OS Product: Linux
00:00:00.000263 main OS Release: 2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.x86_64
00:00:00.000304 main OS Version: #1 SMP Tue Sep 22 22:00:00 UTC 2015
00:00:00.000343 main OS Service Pack: #1 SMP Tue Sep 22 22:00:00 UTC 2015
00:00:00.000385 main Executable: /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-4.3.30/sbin/VBoxService
00:00:00.000391 main Process ID: 1156
00:00:00.000395 main Package type: LINUX_64BITS_GENERIC
00:00:00.002801 main 4.3.30 r101610 started. Verbose level = 0
00:00:00.011095 vminfo Error: Unable to connect to system D-Bus (1/3): Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory
hrtimer: interrupt took 3452394 ns
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
00:00:05.015617 vminfo Error: Unable to connect to system D-Bus (2/3): Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory
00:00:10.156215 vminfo Error: Unable to connect to system D-Bus (3/3): Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory
Loading iSCSI transport class v2.0-870.
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]# dmesg | grep CPU
CPU MTRRs all blank - virtualized system.
ACPI: SSDT 000000007fff02a0 001CC (v01 VBOX VBOXCPUT 00000002 INTL 20100528)
SMP: Allowing 2 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
NR_CPUS:4096 nr_cpumask_bits:2 nr_cpu_ids:2 nr_node_ids:1
PERCPU: Embedded 30 pages/cpu @ffff880002200000 s91224 r8192 d23464 u1048576
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU: Processor Core ID: 0
mce: CPU supports 0 MCE banks
CPU0: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz stepping 03
Performance Events: unsupported p6 CPU model 94 no PMU driver, software events only.
mce: CPU supports 0 MCE banks
TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#1]:
Measured 5639 cycles TSC warp between CPUs, turning off TSC clock.
Brought up 2 CPUs
[root@localhost vagrant]#
3、free命令查看内存使用状态
[root@localhost ~]# free [-b|-k|-m|-g]
选项：
-b 以字节为单位显示
-k 以KB为单位显示
-m 以MB为单位显示
-g 以GB为单位显示
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1922148 622772 1299376 192 10968 84348
-/+ buffers/cache: 527456 1394692
Swap: 1023996 0 1023996
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1877 608 1268 0 10 82
-/+ buffers/cache: 515 1361
Swap: 999 0 999
[root@localhost vagrant]#
缓存和缓冲的区别
- 简单来说缓存是用来加速数据从硬盘中“读取”的，而缓冲(buffer)是用来加速数据“写入”硬盘的
4、查看CPU信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
[root@localhost vagrant]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 94
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping : 3
microcode : 25
cpu MHz : 2274.917
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 5
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good pni ssse3 lahf_lm
bogomips : 4549.83
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 94
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping : 3
microcode : 25
cpu MHz : 2274.917
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 1
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 1
initial apicid : 1
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 5
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good pni ssse3 lahf_lm
bogomips : 4549.83
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
[root@localhost vagrant]#
5、uptime命令
[root@localhost ~]# uptime
# 显示系统启动时间和平均负载，也就是top命令的第一行，w命令也可以看到这个数据
[root@localhost vagrant]# uptime
10:28:38 up 2:22, 1 user, load average: 0.08, 0.03, 0.00
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]# w
10:28:55 up 2:23, 1 user, load average: 0.05, 0.02, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
vagrant pts/0 10.0.2.2 07:45 0.00s 0.40s 0.12s sshd: vagrant [priv]
[root@localhost vagrant]#
6、查看系统与内核相关信息
[root@localhost ~]# uname [选项]
选项：
-a 查看系统所有相关信息
-r 查看内核版本
-s 查看内核名称
[root@localhost vagrant]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 22 22:00:00 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]# uname -r
2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.x86_64
[root@localhost vagrant]#
[root@localhost vagrant]# uname -s
Linux
[root@localhost vagrant]#
7、判断当前系统的位数
[root@localhost ~]# file /bin/ls
[root@localhost vagrant]# file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, stripped
[root@localhost vagrant]#
8、查询当前Linux系统的发行版本
[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Deepin
Description: Deepin 15.11
Release: 15.11
Codename: stable
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$
9、列出进程打开或使用的文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# lsof [选项]
选项：
-c 字符串： 只列出字符串开头的进程打开的文件
-u 用户名： 只列出某个用户的进程打开的文件
-p pid: 列出某个PID进程打开的文件
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$ lsof -c cat
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() tracefs file system /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
cat 7162 baiyang cwd DIR 8,4 4096 3014657 /home/baiyang
cat 7162 baiyang rtd DIR 8,3 4096 2 /
cat 7162 baiyang txt REG 8,3 35688 917646 /usr/bin/cat
cat 7162 baiyang mem REG 8,3 3468304 925338 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
cat 7162 baiyang mem REG 8,3 1689360 1706873 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
cat 7162 baiyang mem REG 8,3 153288 1706423 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
cat 7162 baiyang 0r FIFO 0,12 0t0 45883 pipe
cat 7162 baiyang 1w CHR 1,3 0t0 6 /dev/null
cat 7162 baiyang 2w CHR 1,3 0t0 6 /dev/null
cat 7162 baiyang 20r a_inode 0,13 0 10646 inotify
cat 7163 baiyang cwd DIR 8,4 4096 3014657 /home/baiyang
cat 7163 baiyang rtd DIR 8,3 4096 2 /
cat 7163 baiyang txt REG 8,3 35688 917646 /usr/bin/cat
cat 7163 baiyang mem REG 8,3 3468304 925338 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
cat 7163 baiyang mem REG 8,3 1689360 1706873 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
cat 7163 baiyang mem REG 8,3 153288 1706423 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
cat 7163 baiyang 0r FIFO 0,12 0t0 45886 pipe
cat 7163 baiyang 1w CHR 1,3 0t0 6 /dev/null
cat 7163 baiyang 2w CHR 1,3 0t0 6 /dev/null
cat 7163 baiyang 20r a_inode 0,13 0 10646 inotify
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$ lsof -u root
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() tracefs file system /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
systemd 1 root cwd unknown /proc/1/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd 1 root rtd unknown /proc/1/root (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd 1 root txt unknown /proc/1/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd 1 root NOFD /proc/1/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kthreadd 2 root cwd unknown /proc/2/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kthreadd 2 root rtd unknown /proc/2/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kthreadd 2 root txt unknown /proc/2/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kthreadd 2 root NOFD /proc/2/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/0 4 root cwd unknown /proc/4/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 4 root rtd unknown /proc/4/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 4 root txt unknown /proc/4/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 4 root NOFD /proc/4/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
mm_percpu 6 root cwd unknown /proc/6/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
mm_percpu 6 root rtd unknown /proc/6/root (readlink: Permission denied)
mm_percpu 6 root txt unknown /proc/6/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
mm_percpu 6 root NOFD /proc/6/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 7 root cwd unknown /proc/7/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 7 root rtd unknown /proc/7/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 7 root txt unknown /proc/7/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 7 root NOFD /proc/7/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
rcu_sched 8 root cwd unknown /proc/8/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_sched 8 root rtd unknown /proc/8/root (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_sched 8 root txt unknown /proc/8/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_sched 8 root NOFD /proc/8/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
rcu_bh 9 root cwd unknown /proc/9/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_bh 9 root rtd unknown /proc/9/root (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_bh 9 root txt unknown /proc/9/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_bh 9 root NOFD /proc/9/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
migration 10 root cwd unknown /proc/10/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 10 root rtd unknown /proc/10/root (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 10 root txt unknown /proc/10/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 10 root NOFD /proc/10/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 11 root cwd unknown /proc/11/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 11 root rtd unknown /proc/11/root (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 11 root txt unknown /proc/11/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 11 root NOFD /proc/11/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cpuhp/0 12 root cwd unknown /proc/12/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/0 12 root rtd unknown /proc/12/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/0 12 root txt unknown /proc/12/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/0 12 root NOFD /proc/12/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cpuhp/1 13 root cwd unknown /proc/13/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/1 13 root rtd unknown /proc/13/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/1 13 root txt unknown /proc/13/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/1 13 root NOFD /proc/13/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 14 root cwd unknown /proc/14/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 14 root rtd unknown /proc/14/root (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 14 root txt unknown /proc/14/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 14 root NOFD /proc/14/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
migration 15 root cwd unknown /proc/15/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 15 root rtd unknown /proc/15/root (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 15 root txt unknown /proc/15/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 15 root NOFD /proc/15/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 16 root cwd unknown /proc/16/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 16 root rtd unknown /proc/16/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 16 root txt unknown /proc/16/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 16 root NOFD /proc/16/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/1 18 root cwd unknown /proc/18/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 18 root rtd unknown /proc/18/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 18 root txt unknown /proc/18/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 18 root NOFD /proc/18/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cpuhp/2 19 root cwd unknown /proc/19/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/2 19 root rtd unknown /proc/19/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/2 19 root txt unknown /proc/19/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/2 19 root NOFD /proc/19/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 20 root cwd unknown /proc/20/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 20 root rtd unknown /proc/20/root (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 20 root txt unknown /proc/20/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 20 root NOFD /proc/20/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
migration 21 root cwd unknown /proc/21/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 21 root rtd unknown /proc/21/root (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 21 root txt unknown /proc/21/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 21 root NOFD /proc/21/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 22 root cwd unknown /proc/22/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 22 root rtd unknown /proc/22/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 22 root txt unknown /proc/22/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 22 root NOFD /proc/22/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/2 24 root cwd unknown /proc/24/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 24 root rtd unknown /proc/24/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 24 root txt unknown /proc/24/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 24 root NOFD /proc/24/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cpuhp/3 25 root cwd unknown /proc/25/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/3 25 root rtd unknown /proc/25/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/3 25 root txt unknown /proc/25/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cpuhp/3 25 root NOFD /proc/25/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 26 root cwd unknown /proc/26/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 26 root rtd unknown /proc/26/root (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 26 root txt unknown /proc/26/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdog/ 26 root NOFD /proc/26/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
migration 27 root cwd unknown /proc/27/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 27 root rtd unknown /proc/27/root (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 27 root txt unknown /proc/27/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
migration 27 root NOFD /proc/27/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 28 root cwd unknown /proc/28/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 28 root rtd unknown /proc/28/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 28 root txt unknown /proc/28/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ksoftirqd 28 root NOFD /proc/28/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/3 30 root cwd unknown /proc/30/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 30 root rtd unknown /proc/30/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 30 root txt unknown /proc/30/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 30 root NOFD /proc/30/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kdevtmpfs 31 root cwd unknown /proc/31/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kdevtmpfs 31 root rtd unknown /proc/31/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kdevtmpfs 31 root txt unknown /proc/31/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kdevtmpfs 31 root NOFD /proc/31/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
netns 32 root cwd unknown /proc/32/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
netns 32 root rtd unknown /proc/32/root (readlink: Permission denied)
netns 32 root txt unknown /proc/32/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
netns 32 root NOFD /proc/32/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
rcu_tasks 33 root cwd unknown /proc/33/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_tasks 33 root rtd unknown /proc/33/root (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_tasks 33 root txt unknown /proc/33/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
rcu_tasks 33 root NOFD /proc/33/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kauditd 34 root cwd unknown /proc/34/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kauditd 34 root rtd unknown /proc/34/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kauditd 34 root txt unknown /proc/34/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kauditd 34 root NOFD /proc/34/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
khungtask 37 root cwd unknown /proc/37/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
khungtask 37 root rtd unknown /proc/37/root (readlink: Permission denied)
khungtask 37 root txt unknown /proc/37/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
khungtask 37 root NOFD /proc/37/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
oom_reape 38 root cwd unknown /proc/38/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
oom_reape 38 root rtd unknown /proc/38/root (readlink: Permission denied)
oom_reape 38 root txt unknown /proc/38/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
oom_reape 38 root NOFD /proc/38/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
writeback 39 root cwd unknown /proc/39/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
writeback 39 root rtd unknown /proc/39/root (readlink: Permission denied)
writeback 39 root txt unknown /proc/39/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
writeback 39 root NOFD /proc/39/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kcompactd 40 root cwd unknown /proc/40/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kcompactd 40 root rtd unknown /proc/40/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kcompactd 40 root txt unknown /proc/40/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kcompactd 40 root NOFD /proc/40/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ksmd 41 root cwd unknown /proc/41/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ksmd 41 root rtd unknown /proc/41/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ksmd 41 root txt unknown /proc/41/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ksmd 41 root NOFD /proc/41/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
khugepage 42 root cwd unknown /proc/42/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
khugepage 42 root rtd unknown /proc/42/root (readlink: Permission denied)
khugepage 42 root txt unknown /proc/42/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
khugepage 42 root NOFD /proc/42/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
crypto 43 root cwd unknown /proc/43/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
crypto 43 root rtd unknown /proc/43/root (readlink: Permission denied)
crypto 43 root txt unknown /proc/43/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
crypto 43 root NOFD /proc/43/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kintegrit 44 root cwd unknown /proc/44/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kintegrit 44 root rtd unknown /proc/44/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kintegrit 44 root txt unknown /proc/44/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kintegrit 44 root NOFD /proc/44/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kblockd 45 root cwd unknown /proc/45/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kblockd 45 root rtd unknown /proc/45/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kblockd 45 root txt unknown /proc/45/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kblockd 45 root NOFD /proc/45/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ata_sff 46 root cwd unknown /proc/46/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ata_sff 46 root rtd unknown /proc/46/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ata_sff 46 root txt unknown /proc/46/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ata_sff 46 root NOFD /proc/46/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
md 47 root cwd unknown /proc/47/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
md 47 root rtd unknown /proc/47/root (readlink: Permission denied)
md 47 root txt unknown /proc/47/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
md 47 root NOFD /proc/47/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
edac-poll 48 root cwd unknown /proc/48/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
edac-poll 48 root rtd unknown /proc/48/root (readlink: Permission denied)
edac-poll 48 root txt unknown /proc/48/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
edac-poll 48 root NOFD /proc/48/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
devfreq_w 49 root cwd unknown /proc/49/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
devfreq_w 49 root rtd unknown /proc/49/root (readlink: Permission denied)
devfreq_w 49 root txt unknown /proc/49/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
devfreq_w 49 root NOFD /proc/49/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
watchdogd 50 root cwd unknown /proc/50/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdogd 50 root rtd unknown /proc/50/root (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdogd 50 root txt unknown /proc/50/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
watchdogd 50 root NOFD /proc/50/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kswapd0 55 root cwd unknown /proc/55/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kswapd0 55 root rtd unknown /proc/55/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kswapd0 55 root txt unknown /proc/55/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kswapd0 55 root NOFD /proc/55/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ecryptfs- 56 root cwd unknown /proc/56/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ecryptfs- 56 root rtd unknown /proc/56/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ecryptfs- 56 root txt unknown /proc/56/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ecryptfs- 56 root NOFD /proc/56/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kthrotld 98 root cwd unknown /proc/98/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kthrotld 98 root rtd unknown /proc/98/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kthrotld 98 root txt unknown /proc/98/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kthrotld 98 root NOFD /proc/98/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
acpi_ther 99 root cwd unknown /proc/99/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
acpi_ther 99 root rtd unknown /proc/99/root (readlink: Permission denied)
acpi_ther 99 root txt unknown /proc/99/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
acpi_ther 99 root NOFD /proc/99/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ipv6_addr 104 root cwd unknown /proc/104/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ipv6_addr 104 root rtd unknown /proc/104/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ipv6_addr 104 root txt unknown /proc/104/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ipv6_addr 104 root NOFD /proc/104/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kstrp 113 root cwd unknown /proc/113/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kstrp 113 root rtd unknown /proc/113/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kstrp 113 root txt unknown /proc/113/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kstrp 113 root NOFD /proc/113/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
charger_m 134 root cwd unknown /proc/134/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
charger_m 134 root rtd unknown /proc/134/root (readlink: Permission denied)
charger_m 134 root txt unknown /proc/134/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
charger_m 134 root NOFD /proc/134/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_0 173 root cwd unknown /proc/173/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_0 173 root rtd unknown /proc/173/root (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_0 173 root txt unknown /proc/173/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_0 173 root NOFD /proc/173/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 174 root cwd unknown /proc/174/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 174 root rtd unknown /proc/174/root (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 174 root txt unknown /proc/174/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 174 root NOFD /proc/174/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_1 175 root cwd unknown /proc/175/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_1 175 root rtd unknown /proc/175/root (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_1 175 root txt unknown /proc/175/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_1 175 root NOFD /proc/175/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 176 root cwd unknown /proc/176/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 176 root rtd unknown /proc/176/root (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 176 root txt unknown /proc/176/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 176 root NOFD /proc/176/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_2 177 root cwd unknown /proc/177/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_2 177 root rtd unknown /proc/177/root (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_2 177 root txt unknown /proc/177/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_eh_2 177 root NOFD /proc/177/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 178 root cwd unknown /proc/178/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 178 root rtd unknown /proc/178/root (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 178 root txt unknown /proc/178/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
scsi_tmf_ 178 root NOFD /proc/178/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
i915/sign 190 root cwd unknown /proc/190/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 190 root rtd unknown /proc/190/root (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 190 root txt unknown /proc/190/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 190 root NOFD /proc/190/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
i915/sign 191 root cwd unknown /proc/191/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 191 root rtd unknown /proc/191/root (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 191 root txt unknown /proc/191/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 191 root NOFD /proc/191/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
i915/sign 192 root cwd unknown /proc/192/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 192 root rtd unknown /proc/192/root (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 192 root txt unknown /proc/192/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 192 root NOFD /proc/192/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
i915/sign 193 root cwd unknown /proc/193/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 193 root rtd unknown /proc/193/root (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 193 root txt unknown /proc/193/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
i915/sign 193 root NOFD /proc/193/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/2 197 root cwd unknown /proc/197/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 197 root rtd unknown /proc/197/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 197 root txt unknown /proc/197/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 197 root NOFD /proc/197/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
raid5wq 223 root cwd unknown /proc/223/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
raid5wq 223 root rtd unknown /proc/223/root (readlink: Permission denied)
raid5wq 223 root txt unknown /proc/223/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
raid5wq 223 root NOFD /proc/223/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda3 277 root cwd unknown /proc/277/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda3 277 root rtd unknown /proc/277/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda3 277 root txt unknown /proc/277/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda3 277 root NOFD /proc/277/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 278 root cwd unknown /proc/278/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 278 root rtd unknown /proc/278/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 278 root txt unknown /proc/278/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 278 root NOFD /proc/278/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
systemd-j 322 root cwd unknown /proc/322/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-j 322 root rtd unknown /proc/322/root (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-j 322 root txt unknown /proc/322/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-j 322 root NOFD /proc/322/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/0 327 root cwd unknown /proc/327/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 327 root rtd unknown /proc/327/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 327 root txt unknown /proc/327/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 327 root NOFD /proc/327/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
systemd-u 329 root cwd unknown /proc/329/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-u 329 root rtd unknown /proc/329/root (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-u 329 root txt unknown /proc/329/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-u 329 root NOFD /proc/329/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lvmetad 330 root cwd unknown /proc/330/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lvmetad 330 root rtd unknown /proc/330/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lvmetad 330 root txt unknown /proc/330/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lvmetad 330 root NOFD /proc/330/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/1 384 root cwd unknown /proc/384/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 384 root rtd unknown /proc/384/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 384 root txt unknown /proc/384/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 384 root NOFD /proc/384/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/3 418 root cwd unknown /proc/418/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 418 root rtd unknown /proc/418/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 418 root txt unknown /proc/418/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 418 root NOFD /proc/418/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/u 460 root cwd unknown /proc/460/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 460 root rtd unknown /proc/460/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 460 root txt unknown /proc/460/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 460 root NOFD /proc/460/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/u 471 root cwd unknown /proc/471/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 471 root rtd unknown /proc/471/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 471 root txt unknown /proc/471/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 471 root NOFD /proc/471/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ktpacpid 494 root cwd unknown /proc/494/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ktpacpid 494 root rtd unknown /proc/494/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ktpacpid 494 root txt unknown /proc/494/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ktpacpid 494 root NOFD /proc/494/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kmemstick 511 root cwd unknown /proc/511/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kmemstick 511 root rtd unknown /proc/511/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kmemstick 511 root txt unknown /proc/511/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kmemstick 511 root NOFD /proc/511/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cfg80211 526 root cwd unknown /proc/526/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cfg80211 526 root rtd unknown /proc/526/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cfg80211 526 root txt unknown /proc/526/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cfg80211 526 root NOFD /proc/526/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
irq/47-me 533 root cwd unknown /proc/533/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
irq/47-me 533 root rtd unknown /proc/533/root (readlink: Permission denied)
irq/47-me 533 root txt unknown /proc/533/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
irq/47-me 533 root NOFD /proc/533/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/u 535 root cwd unknown /proc/535/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 535 root rtd unknown /proc/535/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 535 root txt unknown /proc/535/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 535 root NOFD /proc/535/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
dhclient 866 root cwd unknown /proc/866/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
dhclient 866 root rtd unknown /proc/866/root (readlink: Permission denied)
dhclient 866 root txt unknown /proc/866/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
dhclient 866 root NOFD /proc/866/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda4 926 root cwd unknown /proc/926/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda4 926 root rtd unknown /proc/926/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda4 926 root txt unknown /proc/926/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda4 926 root NOFD /proc/926/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 928 root cwd unknown /proc/928/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 928 root rtd unknown /proc/928/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 928 root txt unknown /proc/928/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 928 root NOFD /proc/928/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
rmi4-poll 941 root cwd unknown /proc/941/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
rmi4-poll 941 root rtd unknown /proc/941/root (readlink: Permission denied)
rmi4-poll 941 root txt unknown /proc/941/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
rmi4-poll 941 root NOFD /proc/941/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
irq/50-rm 961 root cwd unknown /proc/961/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
irq/50-rm 961 root rtd unknown /proc/961/root (readlink: Permission denied)
irq/50-rm 961 root txt unknown /proc/961/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
irq/50-rm 961 root NOFD /proc/961/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1403 root cwd unknown /proc/1403/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1403 root rtd unknown /proc/1403/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1403 root txt unknown /proc/1403/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1403 root NOFD /proc/1403/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
acpid 1509 root cwd unknown /proc/1509/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
acpid 1509 root rtd unknown /proc/1509/root (readlink: Permission denied)
acpid 1509 root txt unknown /proc/1509/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
acpid 1509 root NOFD /proc/1509/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/0 1751 root cwd unknown /proc/1751/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 1751 root rtd unknown /proc/1751/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 1751 root txt unknown /proc/1751/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 1751 root NOFD /proc/1751/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1821 root cwd unknown /proc/1821/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1821 root rtd unknown /proc/1821/root (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1821 root txt unknown /proc/1821/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1821 root NOFD /proc/1821/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cupsd 1822 root cwd unknown /proc/1822/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cupsd 1822 root rtd unknown /proc/1822/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cupsd 1822 root txt unknown /proc/1822/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cupsd 1822 root NOFD /proc/1822/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
NetworkMa 1826 root cwd unknown /proc/1826/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
NetworkMa 1826 root rtd unknown /proc/1826/root (readlink: Permission denied)
NetworkMa 1826 root txt unknown /proc/1826/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
NetworkMa 1826 root NOFD /proc/1826/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1831 root cwd unknown /proc/1831/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1831 root rtd unknown /proc/1831/root (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1831 root txt unknown /proc/1831/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-an 1831 root NOFD /proc/1831/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
accounts- 1833 root cwd unknown /proc/1833/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
accounts- 1833 root rtd unknown /proc/1833/root (readlink: Permission denied)
accounts- 1833 root txt unknown /proc/1833/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
accounts- 1833 root NOFD /proc/1833/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
dde-syste 1841 root cwd unknown /proc/1841/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
dde-syste 1841 root rtd unknown /proc/1841/root (readlink: Permission denied)
dde-syste 1841 root txt unknown /proc/1841/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
dde-syste 1841 root NOFD /proc/1841/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
systemd-l 1845 root cwd unknown /proc/1845/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-l 1845 root rtd unknown /proc/1845/root (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-l 1845 root txt unknown /proc/1845/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd-l 1845 root NOFD /proc/1845/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ModemMana 1847 root cwd unknown /proc/1847/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ModemMana 1847 root rtd unknown /proc/1847/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ModemMana 1847 root txt unknown /proc/1847/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ModemMana 1847 root NOFD /proc/1847/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/u 1885 root cwd unknown /proc/1885/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 1885 root rtd unknown /proc/1885/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 1885 root txt unknown /proc/1885/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 1885 root NOFD /proc/1885/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1974 root cwd unknown /proc/1974/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1974 root rtd unknown /proc/1974/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1974 root txt unknown /proc/1974/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 1974 root NOFD /proc/1974/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2057 root cwd unknown /proc/2057/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2057 root rtd unknown /proc/2057/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2057 root txt unknown /proc/2057/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2057 root NOFD /proc/2057/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cron 2371 root cwd unknown /proc/2371/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cron 2371 root rtd unknown /proc/2371/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cron 2371 root txt unknown /proc/2371/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cron 2371 root NOFD /proc/2371/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/2 2424 root cwd unknown /proc/2424/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 2424 root rtd unknown /proc/2424/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 2424 root txt unknown /proc/2424/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/2 2424 root NOFD /proc/2424/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/1 2425 root cwd unknown /proc/2425/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 2425 root rtd unknown /proc/2425/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 2425 root txt unknown /proc/2425/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 2425 root NOFD /proc/2425/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/0 2720 root cwd unknown /proc/2720/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 2720 root rtd unknown /proc/2720/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 2720 root txt unknown /proc/2720/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 2720 root NOFD /proc/2720/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2722 root cwd unknown /proc/2722/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2722 root rtd unknown /proc/2722/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2722 root txt unknown /proc/2722/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 2722 root NOFD /proc/2722/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
polkitd 2740 root cwd unknown /proc/2740/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
polkitd 2740 root rtd unknown /proc/2740/root (readlink: Permission denied)
polkitd 2740 root txt unknown /proc/2740/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
polkitd 2740 root NOFD /proc/2740/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
bluetooth 2741 root cwd unknown /proc/2741/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
bluetooth 2741 root rtd unknown /proc/2741/root (readlink: Permission denied)
bluetooth 2741 root txt unknown /proc/2741/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
bluetooth 2741 root NOFD /proc/2741/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/3 3090 root cwd unknown /proc/3090/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 3090 root rtd unknown /proc/3090/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 3090 root txt unknown /proc/3090/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/3 3090 root NOFD /proc/3090/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/1 3091 root cwd unknown /proc/3091/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 3091 root rtd unknown /proc/3091/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 3091 root txt unknown /proc/3091/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 3091 root NOFD /proc/3091/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/0 3093 root cwd unknown /proc/3093/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 3093 root rtd unknown /proc/3093/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 3093 root txt unknown /proc/3093/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/0 3093 root NOFD /proc/3093/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/u 3094 root cwd unknown /proc/3094/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 3094 root rtd unknown /proc/3094/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 3094 root txt unknown /proc/3094/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 3094 root NOFD /proc/3094/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3211 root cwd unknown /proc/3211/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3211 root rtd unknown /proc/3211/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3211 root txt unknown /proc/3211/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3211 root NOFD /proc/3211/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3239 root cwd unknown /proc/3239/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3239 root rtd unknown /proc/3239/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3239 root txt unknown /proc/3239/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3239 root NOFD /proc/3239/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3288 root cwd unknown /proc/3288/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3288 root rtd unknown /proc/3288/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3288 root txt unknown /proc/3288/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3288 root NOFD /proc/3288/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
container 3346 root cwd unknown /proc/3346/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
container 3346 root rtd unknown /proc/3346/root (readlink: Permission denied)
container 3346 root txt unknown /proc/3346/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
container 3346 root NOFD /proc/3346/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lightdm 3350 root cwd unknown /proc/3350/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lightdm 3350 root rtd unknown /proc/3350/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lightdm 3350 root txt unknown /proc/3350/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lightdm 3350 root NOFD /proc/3350/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3355 root cwd unknown /proc/3355/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3355 root rtd unknown /proc/3355/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3355 root txt unknown /proc/3355/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3355 root NOFD /proc/3355/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3380 root cwd unknown /proc/3380/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3380 root rtd unknown /proc/3380/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3380 root txt unknown /proc/3380/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3380 root NOFD /proc/3380/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3419 root cwd unknown /proc/3419/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3419 root rtd unknown /proc/3419/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3419 root txt unknown /proc/3419/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3419 root NOFD /proc/3419/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
Xorg 3450 root cwd unknown /proc/3450/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
Xorg 3450 root rtd unknown /proc/3450/root (readlink: Permission denied)
Xorg 3450 root txt unknown /proc/3450/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
Xorg 3450 root NOFD /proc/3450/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
nginx 3459 root cwd unknown /proc/3459/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
nginx 3459 root rtd unknown /proc/3459/root (readlink: Permission denied)
nginx 3459 root txt unknown /proc/3459/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
nginx 3459 root NOFD /proc/3459/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3528 root cwd unknown /proc/3528/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3528 root rtd unknown /proc/3528/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3528 root txt unknown /proc/3528/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lwsmd 3528 root NOFD /proc/3528/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
udisksd 3688 root cwd unknown /proc/3688/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
udisksd 3688 root rtd unknown /proc/3688/root (readlink: Permission denied)
udisksd 3688 root txt unknown /proc/3688/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
udisksd 3688 root NOFD /proc/3688/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
wpa_suppl 3742 root cwd unknown /proc/3742/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
wpa_suppl 3742 root rtd unknown /proc/3742/root (readlink: Permission denied)
wpa_suppl 3742 root txt unknown /proc/3742/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
wpa_suppl 3742 root NOFD /proc/3742/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
starter 3839 root cwd unknown /proc/3839/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
starter 3839 root rtd unknown /proc/3839/root (readlink: Permission denied)
starter 3839 root txt unknown /proc/3839/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
starter 3839 root NOFD /proc/3839/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
dockerd 3841 root cwd unknown /proc/3841/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
dockerd 3841 root rtd unknown /proc/3841/root (readlink: Permission denied)
dockerd 3841 root txt unknown /proc/3841/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
dockerd 3841 root NOFD /proc/3841/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
charon 3889 root cwd unknown /proc/3889/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
charon 3889 root rtd unknown /proc/3889/root (readlink: Permission denied)
charon 3889 root txt unknown /proc/3889/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
charon 3889 root NOFD /proc/3889/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
nmbd 3927 root cwd unknown /proc/3927/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
nmbd 3927 root rtd unknown /proc/3927/root (readlink: Permission denied)
nmbd 3927 root txt unknown /proc/3927/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
nmbd 3927 root NOFD /proc/3927/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
smbd 3943 root cwd unknown /proc/3943/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd 3943 root rtd unknown /proc/3943/root (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd 3943 root txt unknown /proc/3943/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd 3943 root NOFD /proc/3943/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
smbd-noti 3946 root cwd unknown /proc/3946/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd-noti 3946 root rtd unknown /proc/3946/root (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd-noti 3946 root txt unknown /proc/3946/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd-noti 3946 root NOFD /proc/3946/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
cleanupd 3947 root cwd unknown /proc/3947/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
cleanupd 3947 root rtd unknown /proc/3947/root (readlink: Permission denied)
cleanupd 3947 root txt unknown /proc/3947/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
cleanupd 3947 root NOFD /proc/3947/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lpqd 3954 root cwd unknown /proc/3954/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lpqd 3954 root rtd unknown /proc/3954/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lpqd 3954 root txt unknown /proc/3954/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lpqd 3954 root NOFD /proc/3954/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lightdm 4043 root cwd unknown /proc/4043/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lightdm 4043 root rtd unknown /proc/4043/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lightdm 4043 root txt unknown /proc/4043/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lightdm 4043 root NOFD /proc/4043/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
deepin-sy 4526 root cwd unknown /proc/4526/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-sy 4526 root rtd unknown /proc/4526/root (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-sy 4526 root txt unknown /proc/4526/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
deepin-sy 4526 root NOFD /proc/4526/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda5 4617 root cwd unknown /proc/4617/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda5 4617 root rtd unknown /proc/4617/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda5 4617 root txt unknown /proc/4617/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jbd2/sda5 4617 root NOFD /proc/4617/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 4618 root cwd unknown /proc/4618/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 4618 root rtd unknown /proc/4618/root (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 4618 root txt unknown /proc/4618/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
ext4-rsv- 4618 root NOFD /proc/4618/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
krfcommd 4672 root cwd unknown /proc/4672/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
krfcommd 4672 root rtd unknown /proc/4672/root (readlink: Permission denied)
krfcommd 4672 root txt unknown /proc/4672/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
krfcommd 4672 root NOFD /proc/4672/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
lastore-d 4735 root cwd unknown /proc/4735/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
lastore-d 4735 root rtd unknown /proc/4735/root (readlink: Permission denied)
lastore-d 4735 root txt unknown /proc/4735/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
lastore-d 4735 root NOFD /proc/4735/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
dde-file- 4779 root cwd unknown /proc/4779/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
dde-file- 4779 root rtd unknown /proc/4779/root (readlink: Permission denied)
dde-file- 4779 root txt unknown /proc/4779/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
dde-file- 4779 root NOFD /proc/4779/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
xfsalloc 5812 root cwd unknown /proc/5812/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
xfsalloc 5812 root rtd unknown /proc/5812/root (readlink: Permission denied)
xfsalloc 5812 root txt unknown /proc/5812/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
xfsalloc 5812 root NOFD /proc/5812/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
xfs_mru_c 5813 root cwd unknown /proc/5813/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
xfs_mru_c 5813 root rtd unknown /proc/5813/root (readlink: Permission denied)
xfs_mru_c 5813 root txt unknown /proc/5813/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
xfs_mru_c 5813 root NOFD /proc/5813/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jfsIO 5822 root cwd unknown /proc/5822/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsIO 5822 root rtd unknown /proc/5822/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsIO 5822 root txt unknown /proc/5822/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsIO 5822 root NOFD /proc/5822/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5823 root cwd unknown /proc/5823/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5823 root rtd unknown /proc/5823/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5823 root txt unknown /proc/5823/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5823 root NOFD /proc/5823/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5824 root cwd unknown /proc/5824/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5824 root rtd unknown /proc/5824/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5824 root txt unknown /proc/5824/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5824 root NOFD /proc/5824/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5825 root cwd unknown /proc/5825/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5825 root rtd unknown /proc/5825/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5825 root txt unknown /proc/5825/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5825 root NOFD /proc/5825/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5826 root cwd unknown /proc/5826/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5826 root rtd unknown /proc/5826/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5826 root txt unknown /proc/5826/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsCommit 5826 root NOFD /proc/5826/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
jfsSync 5827 root cwd unknown /proc/5827/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsSync 5827 root rtd unknown /proc/5827/root (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsSync 5827 root txt unknown /proc/5827/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
jfsSync 5827 root NOFD /proc/5827/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
upowerd 7431 root cwd unknown /proc/7431/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
upowerd 7431 root rtd unknown /proc/7431/root (readlink: Permission denied)
upowerd 7431 root txt unknown /proc/7431/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
upowerd 7431 root NOFD /proc/7431/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
php-fpm7. 9276 root cwd unknown /proc/9276/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
php-fpm7. 9276 root rtd unknown /proc/9276/root (readlink: Permission denied)
php-fpm7. 9276 root txt unknown /proc/9276/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
php-fpm7. 9276 root NOFD /proc/9276/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
packageki 16748 root cwd unknown /proc/16748/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
packageki 16748 root rtd unknown /proc/16748/root (readlink: Permission denied)
packageki 16748 root txt unknown /proc/16748/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
packageki 16748 root NOFD /proc/16748/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/u 21724 root cwd unknown /proc/21724/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 21724 root rtd unknown /proc/21724/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 21724 root txt unknown /proc/21724/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/u 21724 root NOFD /proc/21724/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
smbd 31935 root cwd unknown /proc/31935/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd 31935 root rtd unknown /proc/31935/root (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd 31935 root txt unknown /proc/31935/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
smbd 31935 root NOFD /proc/31935/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
kworker/1 32684 root cwd unknown /proc/32684/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 32684 root rtd unknown /proc/32684/root (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 32684 root txt unknown /proc/32684/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
kworker/1 32684 root NOFD /proc/32684/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$ lsof -p 1
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() tracefs file system /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
systemd 1 root cwd unknown /proc/1/cwd (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd 1 root rtd unknown /proc/1/root (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd 1 root txt unknown /proc/1/exe (readlink: Permission denied)
systemd 1 root NOFD /proc/1/fd (opendir: Permission denied)
baiyang@baiyang-PC:~$
13.4 系统定时任务
1、crond服务管理与访问控制
[root@localhost ~]# service crond restart
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig crond on
crond为定时任务的后台服务
2、用户的crontab设置
[root@localhost ~]# crontab [选项]
选项：
-e 编辑crontab定时任务
-l 查询crontab任务
-r 删除当前用户所有的crontab任务
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e
# 进入crontab编辑界面，会打开vim编辑你的工作
* * * * * 执行的任务
举例：
*/5 * * * * /bin/echo "11" >> /tmp/test
5 5 * * 2 /sbin/shutdown -r now
0 5 1,10,15 * * /root/sh/autobak.sh
参考资料
13.3 系统资源查看 https://www.renrendoc.com/p-82030231.html
第十三章：13.3 系统资源查看 https://blog.csdn.net/freedomai/article/details/43087061
第十三章：13.4 系统定时任务 https://blog.csdn.net/freedomai/article/details/43087171