正文
主系表,定状补
定:修饰名词,有从句形式
补:补充说明,有从句形式
状:修饰动词,无从句形式
do
时态就是为了表达中文里的“将要、正在、了、完了”这些含义:
do 做
did 做了
will do 要做
be doing 正在做
have done 做完了
have been doing for 做了多久
12个核心英语时态:
16个英语时态:
现在时的4个最核心英语时态:
do 一般现在时 做
is doing 现在进行时 正在做
have done 现在完成时 做完了
have been doing (for) 现在完成进行时 做了(多久)
例句:
我一般在上午做作业。
I (usually)do my homework in the morning.
我现在正在做作业。
I am doing my homework(now).
我已经做完了作业了。
I have (already)done my homework.
我到现在做作业3个小时了。
I have been doing my homework for 3 hours (till now).
do did
做 做了
is doing was doing
(现在)正在做 (过去)那时正在做
have done had done
(现在)做完了 (过去)那时就做完了
have been doing (for) had been doing (for)
(到现在)做了(多久) 到(过去)那时做了(多久)
例句:
我昨天做了作业。
I did my homework yesterday.
我昨天在做作业。
I was doing my homework yesterday.
我昨天就做了作业了。
I had done my homework yesterday.
我到昨天做作业3天了。
I had been doing my homework for 3 days till yesterday.
do will do
做 做了
is doing will be doing
(现在)正在做 (将来)那时正在做
have done will have done
(现在)做完了 (将来)那时就做完了
have been doing (for) will have been doing (for)
(到现在)做了(多久) 到(将来)那时做了(多久)
例句:
我将会在明天做作业。
I will do my homework tomorrow.
我明天将会在做作业。
I will be doing my homework tomorrow.
我明天就会做完作业了。
I will have done my homework tomorrow.
到明天我就做作业3天了。
I will have been doing my homework for 3 days till tomorrow.
一个时两个态
英语最难学的部分就是时态,时态难学是因为动词的形变。
英语里没有现在时和将来时,只有过去时。
一个时两个态:
过去时 did 做了
进行态 doing 在做
完成态 done 做完了
一个时
英语里没有现在时,现在时就是动词原形
动词原形 ≠ 现在时,动词原形表示动作
Remember to take the keys. 记得拿钥匙。
第三人称单数是不是现在时?第三人称单数 ≠ 时态变化
l have
He has...
为什么说没有将来时?
- 将来时的动词没有形变
- 将来时没有固定的形式
will本质是情态动词:
I will go to Beijing.
我要去北京。
I can go to Beijing.
我能去北京。
I must go to Beijing.
我必须去北京。
I need to go to Beijing.
我需要去北京。
I may go to Beijing.
我可能去北京。
表示将来的形式有很多种:
The rain will stop.
雨会停的。
I'm going to leave here.
我要离开这里。
I'm leaving tomorrow.
我明天就走。
They're about to leave.
他们就要离开了。
He is to visit Japan next year.
他明年将访问日本。
现在时和将来时就是针对过去时人为制造出来的一个概念。
两个态
两个态是什么?
doing 现在分词
done 过去分词
他们都表示状态。
一个动作只有两种态:
“在做” = 进行态 doing
“做完了” = 完成态 done
done = 完成
have done: 主动含义
is done: 被动含义
l have done it. 我做完了。
It's done. 它(被)完成了。
名 + done 形容词性做定语(非谓语动词):
the work finished 完成的工作
the work is finished 工作完成了
表示进行中:进行态 doing
is doing
is being done (is done的进行态)
I am doing the work. 我在做这项工作。
The work is being done. 工作正在(被做)进行中。
时态套娃
动词的形容词形式:
doing xx着的
done xx了的
the girl standing there 在那里站着的女孩
the car repaired yesterday 昨天修了的车
时态
时态就是为了表达中文里的“将要、正在、了、完了”这些含义
一般现在时:
I often/usually play tennis at 9 o'clock.
我经常/通常(一般)在9点钟打网球。
一般将来时(will 更多是表达讲话时的意愿或决定):
I will play tennis at 10 o'clock.
我将/要在10点钟打网球。
一般将来时(be going to 通常表达事先计划好的事情):
I am going to play tennis at 10 o'clock.
我打算在10点钟打网球。
一般过去时:
I played tennis at 10 o'clock this morning.
我今天上午10点打的网球。
现在进行时
I am playing tennis now.
我现在正在打网球。
过去进行时
I was playing tennis when you called me.
你打电话给我时,我正在打网球。
将来进行时
I will be playing tennis when you come.
你来的时候,我将在打网球。
现在完成时
I have played tennis.
我已经打过网球了。
过去完成时
I had played tennis when you came.
你来的时候我已经打过网球了。
将来完成时
I will have played tennis when you come.
你来的时候我将已经打过网球了。
现在完成进行时
I have been playing tennis for 3 hours.
我已经打网球3个小时了。
过去完成进行时
I had been playing tennis for 3 hours when you came.
你来的时候(过去时间),我已经打了3个小时的网球了。
将来完成进行时
I will have been playing tennis for 3 hours when you come.
你来的时候(将来时间),我将已经打了三个小时的网球了。
一般将来时
He said,“I will play tennis tomorrow.”
他说:“我明天要打网球。”
过去将来时(过去将来时,will变成would)
He said he would play tennis the next day.
他说他第二天要打网球。
将来进行时
He said,"I will be playing tennis when you come tomorrow."
他说:“你明天来的时候,我将会在打网球。”
过去将来进行时
He said he would be playing tennis when you came the next day.
他说你第二天来的时候他将会在打网球。
将来完成时
He said,"I will have played tennis when you come.
你来的时候,我将已经打过网球了。
过去将来完成时
He said he would have played tennis when you came.
他说你来的时候我将已经打过网球了。
将来完成进行时
He said,"I will have been playing tennis for 3 hourswhen you come."
他说:“当你来的时候,我将已经打了3个小时的网球了。”
过去将来完成进行时
He said he would have been playing tennis for 3 hours when you came.
他说当你来的时候,他将已经打了3个小时的网球了。
补充
英语谓语动词有四个时(现在present、过去past、将来future、过去将来past future), 四个态(一般simple、进行continuous、完成perfect、完成进行perfect continuous), 四个式(直陈indicative、条件conditional、虚拟subjunctive、祈使imperative)
参考资料
B站博主-大道至简英语 https://space.bilibili.com/628822108